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Artículos de Investigación

Vol. 5 Núm. 9 (2025): Criterio, Revista Multidisciplinaria

Prevalencia del burnout académico en estudiantes de medicina y su implicancia para la creación de un centro de apoyo psicológico

Prevalence of academic burnout among medical students and its implications for establishing a psychological support center
Publicado
2025-10-23

El burnout académico constituye un problema creciente en estudiantes de carreras de alta exigencia, como Medicina, afectando su bienestar emocional y desempeño académico. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los niveles de burnout en estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional del Oriente (UNO), Bolivia, y fundamentar la creación de un Centro de Apoyo Psicológico. Se empleó un diseño cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal, aplicando el Maslach Burnout Inventory – Student Survey (MBI-SS) a una muestra de 165 estudiantes seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio simple. Los resultados revelaron que el 80 % presenta niveles altos de agotamiento emocional, el 20 % manifiesta cinismo elevado y solo el 14,5 % mantiene alta eficacia académica. Estos hallazgos evidencian un desgaste psicológico significativo, coherente con la teoría de Maslach y Jackson. Se concluye que es imperativo implementar un Centro de Apoyo Psicológico que ofrezca asesoría, talleres de manejo del estrés y grupos de apoyo, con el fin de prevenir el burnout, reducir la deserción académica y promover un entorno educativo saludable.

Academic burnout is an increasing concern among students in highly demanding programs such as Medicine, as it negatively affects their emotional well-being and academic performance. This study aimed to assess burnout levels among students at the Universidad Nacional del Oriente (UNO) in Bolivia and to provide an evidence-based rationale for establishing a Psychological Support Center. A quantitative, descriptive, and cross-sectional design was employed, using the Maslach Burnout Inventory–Student Survey (MBI-SS) administered to a randomly selected sample of 165 students. Results showed that 80% of participants experienced high emotional exhaustion, 20% reported high cynicism, and only 14.5% maintained high academic efficacy. These findings indicate substantial psychological strain consistent with Maslach and Jackson’s theoretical framework. The study concludes that establishing a Psychological Support Center offering counseling, stress management workshops, and peer support groups is essential to prevent burnout, reduce academic dropout, and promote a healthier educational environment.

Número:
Vol. 5 Núm. 9 (2025): Criterio, Revista Multidisciplinaria
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Artículos de Investigación

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